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近日，美国卫生及公共服务部发布第15版致癌物报告，其中新增8种致癌物，幽门螺杆菌首次被列为明确致癌物。

在我国，幽门螺杆菌平均感染率为近60%。感染这种细菌后致癌概率大吗？它的传播途径有哪些？如何预防？

此前，总台记者就相关问题采访了首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化内科专家。

幽门螺杆菌有多普遍？

根据相关报道，幽门螺杆菌感染是人类最常见的慢性细菌感染，在全球自然细菌感染中超过50%。

其中发展中国家感染率超过发达国家。在我国各个地区感染幽门螺杆菌的概率有明显差异，平均感染率为59%，其中儿童的感染率平均为40%。

感染幽门螺杆菌就有很高的患癌风险？

“幽门螺杆菌阳性就有很高的患癌风险”，这是一个认识误区。

从目前的研究看，大多数幽门螺杆菌阳性都没有大危害和症状，只有10%到20%的感染者会出现消化道溃疡。

不到1%的感染者发生胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤，可能有癌变的风险。

多数幽门螺杆菌感染者无临床症状及并发症

专家表示，大部分幽门螺杆菌感染者无临床症状及并发症，可以通过最常用的非侵入性方法，包括碳13或碳14呼气实验，通过检测呼出的二氧化碳水平可以检测有没有感染幽门螺杆菌。

幽门螺杆菌能根除吗？如何根除？

据北京友谊医院消化内科专家介绍，幽门螺杆菌可以根除。但首先要评估有没有根治的指征再做治疗。像没有特殊家族史的年轻人，没有症状的感染者，这类人不建议做根除治疗。

目前，含铋剂的四联疗法已成为根除幽门螺杆菌的一线治疗方案。专家提示，根除幽门螺杆菌要遵医嘱定时服药。

如何预防感染幽门螺杆菌？

幽门螺杆菌主要通过口-口、粪-口途径传播。聚餐、进食被幽门螺杆菌感染的水或食物、人和动物接触之后不洗手、接吻、“口对口”给孩子喂饭等日常行为都有可能会感染幽门螺杆菌。

远离幽门螺杆菌，应该养成这些习惯：

餐具消毒、分餐。

不吃生食或太烫的食物。它们会刺激胃黏膜，降低其抵抗力，从而为幽门螺杆菌的入侵创造条件。

不要“口对口”喂饭。有些老人喜欢含一下食物喂孩子，这是非常容易传染的途径之一。

及时洗手、清洁口腔。

高危人群应定期体检 。幽门螺杆菌高危人群应每2~3年进行一次胃镜检查，50岁以下的成年人，需每3年做一次胃镜；50岁以上者，每2年做一次。

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