来源：丁香医生

➊ 为什么会长肠息肉？

肠息肉和遗传、高脂肪饮食、果蔬摄入少、吸烟、肥胖、缺少体力劳动等都有关系，

发生率也随年龄增加而上升，50 岁以上、男性更常见。

另外，肥胖、年龄也都是危险因素，有研究发现，

BMI 每增加 5 个单位，结直肠腺瘤性息肉的风险就增高 19%。

➋ 检查出肠息肉，一定要切吗？

一般来说，小于 0.5 厘米的非腺瘤性息肉可以随访观察，其他情况下都更建议切。

而且，肠镜检查发现息肉后，光靠看是无法 100% 肯定息肉是不是腺瘤性，

会不会有癌变的风险，需要切下来进行病理检查才能最终确认。

可别一听到割息肉就觉得是个大手术了，目前绝大部分的息肉都可以在肠镜下切除，

和做肠镜没什么区别，只有息肉特别大或者有特殊情况时，才会考虑外科手术。

作为中国五大癌症之一的结直肠癌，每年有 38 万人被诊断出来，

19 万人因它死亡，通常发现时已经是中晚期。

而美国、日本在执行国家肠镜筛查计划后，

在更早阶段阻拦了结直肠癌，20 年后结直肠癌发病率大大降低。

肠镜是结肠镜的简称，可以用来观察结直肠/大肠的状况。

我们不能准确知道一个息肉是不是 100% 会变成肠癌，

但可以确定的是，通过检测和消除有潜在危险的息肉，

可以避免许多大肠癌病例的发生。

如果家里人有以下高危因素，快带他们去做肠镜吧。

• 50 岁或以上的人士
• 有家族史
• 曾经患过大肠息肉或肠癌的人
• 有遗传性综合征的人
• 有炎性疾病的人，比如克罗恩病或溃疡性结肠炎
  

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