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浑身疼得难受 或是抑郁症

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#楼主# 2021-10-18

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本帖最后由 幻影 于 2021-10-18 14:54 编辑

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有一部分老人觉得身体有很多不适,最初往往是头疼,

后来逐步发展为背痛、全身痛、心慌、心悸、厌食、腹胀、多汗、全身忽冷忽热等等,


但客观检查并不能发现有相应的器质性疾病。如果有这类问题,其实也是抑郁症的表现。


很多临床患者不解,抑郁症为什么会导致躯体疼痛?


北京安定医院老年病房主任鲍枫解释,在患上抑郁症之后,


人的中枢神经系统会发生改变,突出表现为两种神经递质去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺的功能减低。


而这两种神经递质主要起到“神经信使”的功能,在脊髓中有分布,


其功能减低可导致身体传输到大脑的信号产生偏差,


比如说会放大人们对疼痛的感觉,严重者还会影响到躯体疾病的康复。


因此,很多患者被这种疼痛折磨,虽到处求医就诊,却效果甚微。


其实,由于这种“躯体化”的疼痛是抑郁症的症状,因此,


治疗这种疼痛的根本首先是要治疗抑郁症,随着抑郁的好转,疼痛感就会逐渐消失。


由于抑郁症容易反复发生,抑郁症的治疗一般需要三个阶段。


急性期治疗:6~8周,目的是控制症状,尽量达到临床治愈。


恢复期治疗:4~6月,此期间患者病情易波动,原则上应继续使用急性期治疗的药物和剂量,目的是巩固疗效。


维持期治疗:维持治疗剂量或稍减量,目前共识首次抑郁发作维持治疗6~8个月,


有两次以上复发的患者应长期维持治疗,目的是预防复发。


除了药物治疗外,家人还需注意,对抑郁症老人的照顾,要把握一个原则,


既要让老人衣食无忧,又要让老人感到不孤独、有依靠、日子过得充实。


要解决好邻里关系,避免冲突;鼓励老人做一些力所能及的家务,


使其有价值感,鼓励老人有自己的兴趣爱好,避免与社会隔绝。


哈医大四院精神心理科主任张磊晶说,从这两年来就诊的老年抑郁症患者来看,


不少都与老年人帮助子女带孩子有关。在日常接诊过程中,我们发现,


老年人因带孩子引起的抑郁症很多都是隐匿性的。


这种隐匿性的抑郁症症状并不是十分明显,看不出心境的恶劣,


也没有想自杀的念头,但取而代之的是持续性的疲乏、无故的体重减轻、睡眠节律紊乱、


食欲变差、头疼、注意力记忆力下降、腰腿疼痛等,


所以许多老年人就诊时只是强调他们感到疲乏、消瘦、睡眠差等不适,而否认已患有抑郁症。”


张磊晶主任说,这些患者躯体化障碍比较明显,掩盖了患者情绪意志活动方面的症状,


因此好多人辗转各大医院的各个科室,做尽各种检查,结果却都显示没病。
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