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北京回龙观医院儿童心理科王智雄 刘华清  

我们常认为，孩子还小，不愁吃不愁住，

不需要处理那么多人际关系，没有大人的压力，怎么可能出现抑郁呢? 　　

然而，大量研究和临床接诊均发现：孩子患抑郁的比例很高，

在澳洲为12.1%，瑞典为11.4%，法国13岁以下儿童中，抑郁障碍患病率为10%。

哪些孩子容易患抑郁障碍呢?

青春初期为抑郁的易发阶段

以初一、初二(13~16岁)最为常见，且男孩比女孩更容易发病早1~2年。

与在青春期身体上的变化和带来的压力等可能有关，也与孩子青春期时，

家长常处于“中年危机”这一自身困难时期可能自顾不暇有关。

所以，如果是男孩，我们从小学五六年级就应该关注其情绪的变化是否抑郁，

而女孩，我们尤其要关注她们生理发育变化阶段的心理健康。

而在青春期时，家长们也要努力让自己顺利度过中年危机。

父母离婚孩子易抑郁

儿童抑郁与母亲有关，而与父亲似乎关系不大，

母亲如果心理控制力较差，对孩子的接纳度较低，

常常将各种愤怒、不满或抱怨归于孩子身上，那么这样的孩子更容易患抑郁。

如果父母婚姻关系破裂，儿童患抑郁的可能性更大。

从临床看，父母关系不和睦对孩子心理健康的负性影响排序中，

影响最小的，是好合好散，影响最大的，是不见又不散。

孤僻自卑是抑郁性格

依赖高、自卑、内向、孤僻、不愿与人交往的性格是抑郁高发性格。

也有很多孩子，将自己的满足感完全归因于自己所获得的学习成绩，

当他们的学习成绩或排名达不到他们对自己的要求时，他们也更容易抑郁。

抑郁的一个核心症状是兴趣缺乏、乐趣丧失。

现在的学习竞争压力很大，即使孩子在学习上差点，

但是依然会有属于自己的那份开心和热情，也能有效防止抑郁的发生。

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